27th Marathi Bhasha Diwas (Marathi Language Day) In Remembrance Of Famous Marathi Literatuerer `Kusumagraj` वि वा शिरवाडकर (V. V. Shirwadkar)

Celebration of marathi bhasha din on 27 February and use of marathi language

Published: Friday, February 22, 2013

२७ तारखेला मातृभाषा दिन साजरा केला जाईल.. एखादा दिवस साजरा करणे खूप सोपं होत चालंय.. पण आपण खरोखर आपली मातृभाषा टिकावी म्हणून काही प्रयत्न करतोय का? किंवा करायला हवेत तर कोणते? सांगतोय स्वरूप पंडित
भारतात 'कॉमन मिनिमम प्रोग्राम' अर्थात किमान समान कार्यक्रम ही संकल्पना सर्वपरिचित आहे. सरकार कोणतीही योजना आखत असते वेळी एक दिशादशर्क म्हणून या संकल्पनेचा उपयोग होतो. आर्थिकदृष्टय़ा मागास, शोषित-वंचित अशा घटकांना त्यांचे हक्काचे स्थान मिळावे अशी या कार्यक्रमामागील भूमिका असते. पण आपलेच संवेदनशून्य होत जाणारे मन सध्या हे जणू विसरत चालले आहे की, आपली भाषा- आपली मातृभाषा हीसुद्धा जागतिक भाषेच्या रेटय़ासमोर- प्रसारमाध्यमांच्या प्रभावाद्वारे तिच्या हक्कांपासून वंचित होते आहे. आपल्याच मातृभाषेपासून आपण दुरावत आहोत. भाषेच्या शुद्धतेला आपण पारखे होत आहोत. एकीकडे इंग्रजीसारख्या भाषेचा द्वेष तर करायचा नाहीच; किंबहुना त्याचे ज्ञानही मिळवायचे हे आव्हान आहेच.. त्याचबरोबरीने आपली भाषा समृद्ध करायची, तिचा वापर-प्रसार करायचा आणि तिचे चिरंतनत्व अबाधित राखायचे हेसुद्धा मोठे आव्हान आहे.
मला याच पाश्र्वभूमीवर महात्मा गांधीजी आठवतात. सर्वस्वाचा त्याग करणाऱ्या क्रांतिकारकांबद्दल तत्कालीन भारतीय जनतेच्या मनात आदर होताच, पण त्या तुलनेत महात्मा गांधीजींबद्दल मनात असलेला आदर सक्रिय सहभागातून व्यक्तही होत होता. यामागील रहस्य कोणते असावे? तर उत्तर सोपे आहे. गांधीजींनी देशभक्तीची व्याख्या सोप्या सोप्या आणि सर्वाना सहज जमू शकतील अशा लहान लहान कृतींनी मांडली. त्यात चरख्यावरील सूतकताईचा समावेश होता, त्यात गोशाळा चालविणे होते, त्यात खादीचा वापर

होता, प्रभात फेऱ्या काढणे होते, वंदे मातरम् म्हणणे होते.. अशा अनेक लहान लहान कृतींतून सामान्य माणसाला आपण देशासाठी काहीतरी करत असल्याची अभिमानास्पद जाणीव करून दिली जात होती. तत्कालीन बलाढय़ ब्रिटनच्या आव्हानासमोर गांधीजींच्या या कृती कार्यक्रमाने प्रतिआव्हान निर्माण केले.
मला आज हे आठवले. कारण आपणही आपल्या भाषेच्या समोर उभ्या ठाकलेल्या आव्हानांना विनम्रतापूर्वक आणि अन्य भाषांचा जराही द्वेष मनात येऊ न देता प्रतिआव्हाने निर्माण नाही का करू शकणार? आजचे युग हे माहिती-तंत्रज्ञानाचे युग मानले जाते. संपर्क-क्रांतीचे युग मानले जाते. अशा वेळी आपण आपल्या दैनंदिन जीवनात अशाच छोटय़ा छोटय़ा कृतींनी काहीच नाही का करू शकणार? भाषेच्या जाज्वल्य नाही तरी किमान मनस्वी अभिमानातून आपण किमान एखादी तरी कृती नाही का फुलवू शकणार? भाषेसाठी सर्वस्वाचा त्याग करणाऱ्या सक्रिय कार्यकर्त्यांना आपल्या परीने नाही का सहकार्य करू शकणार? मला वाटतं की हे फारसं अशक्य नाही. उलट या कृतींनी आपल्यालाच 'अल्प योगदान' दिल्याचे समाधान लाभू शकेल. हा 'किमान भाषा वापर' असा कार्यक्रम नसून उलट किमान समान कार्यक्रमाच्या धर्तीवर आणि महात्मा गांधीजींनी घालून दिलेल्या आदर्शांवर आधारित 'भाषा संवर्धन आणि प्रसार कार्यक्रम' आहे. काय आहेत या कृती?

आपण आपल्या दैनंदिन आयुष्यात रोज किमान १० तरी 'फोन कॉल' हाताळतोच. दहाही वेळा आपण संभाषणाची सुरु वात 'हॅलो..!' अशी करतो. आपण आपल्या मातृभाषेतून ही सुरुवात केली तर? म्हणजेच 'नमस्कार!' या शब्दाने आपण संवादास सुरु वात केली तर? त्यामुळे आपल्या भाषेबद्दलचे प्रेमही व्यक्त होईल शिवाय एखादी अनोळखी व्यक्ती, जी आपल्याशी थेट हिंदी अथवा इंग्रजीतून संवाद साधण्यास सुरुवात करते मात्र तिचीही मातृभाषा मराठीच असते अशी अधिक जवळकीने-मोकळेपणाने आणि मुख्य म्हणजे नेमक्या अभिव्यक्तीद्वारे आपल्याशी संवाद साधू शकेल.

आपण आपल्या 'मोबाइल'वरून किमान १०-१५ तरी लघुसंदेश (एसएमएस) दररोज पाठवतो. ते सगळेच अर्थातच इंग्रजीतून असतात किंवा इंग्रजी लिपी आणि मराठी शब्द अशा पद्धतीने असतात. आपण दिवसभरात किमान दोन लघुसंदेश मराठीतून पाठवले तर? पुन्हा एकदा भाषेवरील प्रेमाबरोबरच माहिती तंत्रज्ञानात मातृभाषेचा केला जाणारा वापर आपल्याबरोबरच समोरच्यालाही समाधान देऊ शकेल. शिवाय आज कित्येकदा घरकाम करणाऱ्या व्यक्ती इंग्रजी भाषेच्या अज्ञानामुळे मोबाइलचा परिपूर्ण वापर करीत नाहीत. अशांना मराठीतील लघुसंदेश पाठविले गेल्यास त्यांना आपण मूळ प्रवाहात आल्यासारखे वाटेल.
ल्ल जी बाब एसएमएसची तीच ई-मेलचीसुद्धा! आपल्याला सध्या सर्वच संकेतस्थळांद्वारे 'फोनेटिक' (उच्चारावरून शब्द) पद्धतीने अनेक भाषांत ई-मेल पाठविण्याची सुविधा आहे. ठरवून आपण दिवसभरात किमान एक ई-मेल मराठीतून नक्कीच करू शकतो.

आज आपल्याला सणांच्या सुट्टय़ा हव्याहव्याशा वाटतात. पण भारतीय महिने आणि दिनदर्शिका आपण विसरतो. इतकी की कित्येकदा 'गुरुपौर्णिमे'च्या तिथीऐवजी आपल्याला 'वट पौर्णिमे'ची तिथी आठवते. पण चैत्र, वैषाख, ज्येष्ठ.. असे महिने आणि त्या त्या महिन्यांत येणारे सण आपल्याला सांगता येतील का? नवरात्र म्हणजे आश्विन महिना हे किती जणांना माहिती असते? तेव्हा किमान ज्या सणांच्या आपल्याला राष्ट्रीय सुट्टय़ा असतात अशा सणांच्या तरी भारतीय दिनदर्शिकेची आपल्याला माहिती हवी आणि ते त्याच तिथीनुसार बोलता यायला हवेत.

आपण हल्ली सामान्यपणे महिन्याला किमान एकतरी चित्रपट पाहतोच.. मग तो कितीही 'टुक्कार' का असेना! अशा वेळी आपण आपल्या भाषेसाठीसुद्धा चित्रपट प्रेमातून काही करू शकत असू तर? वर्षांतून किमान दोन मराठी चित्रपट आणि दोन मराठी नाटके आपण नाही का पाहू शकणार? किंवा अगदी मित्र-मैत्रिणींसह जाऊन आपण नाही का मातृभाषेतील कलाकृतींचा आस्वाद घेऊ शकणार?

आपण हल्ली सर्रास पुस्तके वाचतोच. अशा वेळी ठरवून वर्षांकाठी किमान दोन मराठी पुस्तके विकत घेऊन वाचणे ही कृतीसुद्धा अशीच सहज जमणारी आणि भाषेसाठी काही केल्याचा आनंद देणारी ठरू शकेल. त्यापुढे जाऊन वाचकांचा एखादा गट तयार केल्यास मराठी पुस्तक खरेदीवर काही विशेष सवलत मिळू शकेल का ते पाहता येऊ शकेल.

वाढदिवसाला, शुभकार्याला, अभिनंदन करताना भेटवस्तू देण्याची प्रथा आता चांगलीच रुजली आहे. अशा वेळी ही भेटवस्तू म्हणून सर्वोत्तम मराठी पुस्तके/ काव्यसंग्रह/ नाटय़कृती यांचा आपण विचार करायला हवा. एक म्हणजे त्यासाठी आपण स्वत: ती कलाकृती वाचलेली असेल म्हणजे आपोआप वाचक म्हणून आपले भाषेसाठी योगदान होईल आणि शिवाय इतरांना ती वाचायला दिल्याने भाषाप्रसारास- भाषेतील पुस्तक विक्रीस चालना देता येईल.

आता मात्र थोडी अवघड कृती सुचवितो आहे. आपण राष्ट्रीयकृत बँकांमध्ये हे पाहिले असेल की तिथे दररोज एक नवीन बँकेच्या पारिभाषिक सूचीतील हिंदी शब्द लिहिलेला असतो. अपेक्षा ही असते की त्यातून प्रादेशिक शब्दांच्या वापरास चालना मिळावी. तद्वतच आपणही मराठीतील दररोज किमान एक तरी नवीन शब्द त्याच्या सर्व छटांसहित नव्याने समजून घेतला पाहिजे. यामुळे कालबाह्य़ होणाऱ्या कित्येक शब्दांना (म्हणजे प्रत्येकी किमान ३६५ प्रतिवर्षी) प्रवाहात आणता येईल.

आणि आता शेवटचे तीन :
बँका, विमा कंपन्या, चल ध्वनी कंपन्या यांच्याकडे मराठीतून माहिती- सूचना पुस्तिका- प्रपत्रे (फॉम्र्स) इत्यादी देण्याचा आग्रह करणे.

आपली स्वाक्षरी शक्य असल्यास मराठीतून करणे.

आणि हा भाषा प्रसार कार्यक्रम प्रतिमहिना किमान ५ जणांपर्यंत प्रभावीपणे पोहोचविणे.
आजची तरुण पिढी, त्यांची 'सेलिब्रेट' करण्याची वृत्ती, त्यांचे माहिती-तंत्रज्ञानावरील प्रेम, करमणूकप्रधान समाजरचना, दिन-विशेष असे बिंदू लक्षात घेऊन हा कार्यक्रम मी तयार केला आहे. त्यात जेवढी भर घालता येईल अर्थात जेवढी कृतिशील भर घालता येईल तेवढे उत्तमच!
आपल्या प्रतिसादाच्या अपेक्षेत..!

२७ फेब्रुवारी - जागतिक मराठी भाषा दिन - हार्दिक शुभेच्छा! - Marathi Bhasha Din Greetings, Scraps, Pics, Wishes to you :)

Posted by sachin

नमस्कार मित्रानो,
सर्वाना मराठी भाषा दिनाच्या हार्दिक शुभेच्या. कविश्रेष्ठ कुसुमाग्रज यांच्या जयंतीच्या दिवशी प्रतिवर्षी २७ फेब्रुवारी हा दिवस मराठी भाषा दिन म्हणून साजरा करण्यात येतो .या दिवशी पासून आपण एक संकल्प करू कि मराठी भाषा आणि मराठी माणूस हा जगात आपली कीर्ती गाजवेल आणि या साठी आपण सर्वोतोपरी प्रयत्न करू. ....आपली मराठी भाषा हि जगातील प्रत्येक व्यक्तीच्या तोंडी असावी हि इच्छा प्रत्येकाने मनात बाळगून आपली मराठीचा झेंडा अटकेपार जावा यासाठी प्रयत्न करायला हवेत. तरच खऱ्या अर्थाने आपण मराठी आहोत असा म्हणता येईल.!!!

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1) Right Click on image
2) Click on Copy image location
3) and Paste in friends scrapbook for wishes :)

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येथल्या वनावनात गुंजते मराठी
येथल्या तरुलतात साजते मराठी
येथल्या कळिकळित लाजते मराठी॥

येथल्या नभामधुन वर्षते मराठी
येथल्या पिकांमधुन डोलते मराठी
येथल्या नद्यांमधुन वाहते मराठी
येथल्या चराचरात राहते मराठी॥

लाभले आम्हास भाग्य बोलतो मराठी
जाहलो खरेच धन्य ऎकतो मराठी
बोलतो मराठी ऎकतो मराठी
जानतो मराठी मानतो मराठी
दंगते मराठी... रंगते मराठी..
स्पंदते मराठी.. स्पर्शते मराठी..
गुंजते मराठी.. गर्जते मराठी.. गर्जते मराठी.. गर्जते मराठी ||

आंतरजालावरून साभार - ई-मेल फॉरवर्ड - आभार - लेखक / कवी

LABELS: MARATHI ORKUT SCRAPS - मराठी ऑरकुट स्क्रेप्स, मराठी लेख / साहित्य - MARATHI LEKH / SAAHITYA

LIVE Marathi Bhasha Diwas 2013 Celebration: Tribute to ...

▶ 14:13

www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wrd1VeluC0Y

२७ फेब्रु, २०१३ - Tv9 Marathi द्वारा अपलोड केलेले

LIVE Marathi Bhasha Diwas 2013 Celebration: Tribute to Poet ...Marathi Bhasha Divas 2013: Musical Treat ...

कुसुमाग्रजांचा जन्मदिवस मराठी भाषा दिन म्हणून उत्साहात साजरा होत आहे.

ज्ञानपीठ विजेते ज्येष्ठ मराठी साहित्यिक विष्णू वामन शिरवाडकर म्हणजेच कुसुमाग्रज यांचा जन्म 27 फेब्रुवारी १९१२ मध्ये झाला होता. कवितेमध्ये रमतांना कुसुमाग्रजांनी कथा, कादंबरी, नाटक, ललित वाड्यमयातही मुक्त विहार केला. वयाच्या १७व्या वर्षापासून 'बालबोधमेवा' या मासिकातून कुसुमाग्रजांनी कविता आणि ललित साहित्य लिहायला सुरुवात केली. १९४२मध्ये प्रसिद्ध झालेला 'विशाखा' हा त्यांचा काव्य संग्रह साहित्यातला ठेवा आहे.

कुसुमाग्रजांच्या क्रांतीचा जयजयकार, वेडात मराठे वीर दौडले सात, आगगाडी आणि जमीन, पृथ्वीचं प्रेमगीत या कविता आजही तितक्याच लोकप्रिय आहेत.

'नटसम्राट' या महान नाट्यकृतीसाठी कुसुमाग्रजांना साहित्य अकादमीचा पुरस्कार मिळाला आहे. तर १९८८मध्ये ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कारानं त्यांच्या साहित्यसेवेचा गौरव करण्यात आला. साहित्यातला सर्वोच्च पुरस्कार मिळवणारे कुसुमाग्रज दुसरे मराठी साहित्यिक होते.

सामाजिक अन्याय, विषमता यावर कुसुमाग्रजांनी आपल्या लेखणीतून प्रहार केला. केवळ लिखाण करुन ते थांबले नाही तर चळवळींमध्येसुद्धा त्यांचा सहभाग होता. त्यामुळे एका अर्थाने कुसुमाग्रज सामाजिक चळवळीचे ते प्रणेते होते.

English	Marathi	Pronunciation
Monday	सोमवार	Somavār
Tuesday	मंगळवार	Mangalavār
Wednesday	बुधवार	Budhavār
Thursday	गुरुवार	Guruvār
Friday	शुक्रवार	Shukravār
Saturday	शनिवार	Shanivār
Sunday	रविवार	Ravivār

Category:

Marathi

Marathi language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Marathi
मराठी Marāṭhī
Marathi written in Devanāgarī and Modi
Pronunciation	[məˈɾaʈʰi]
Native to	India
Region	Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka,Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Telangana,Andhra Pradesh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu.^[1]
Native speakers	73 million (2007)^[2]
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Southern Indo-Aryan Maharashtri Marathi–Konkani Marathi
Early forms	Maharashtri Marathi
Dialects	Varhadi
Writing system	Balbodh style^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] of theDevanagari script (Marathi alphabet)Modi (Brahmic) Marathi Braille
Signed forms	Signed Marathi
Official status
Official language in	India: Maharashtra, Daman and Diu^[7] and Dadra and Nagar Haveli^[8]
Regulated by	Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad & various other institutions
Language codes
ISO 639-1	`mr`
ISO 639-2	`mar`
ISO 639-3	Either: `mar` – Modern Marathi `omr` – Old Marathi
Linguist list	`omr` Old Marathi
Glottolog	`mara1378` (Modern Marathi)^[9] `oldm1244` (Old Marathi)^[10]
Marathi-speaking world
regions where Marathi is the language of the majority regions where Marathi is the language of a significant minority

Marathi (मराठी) (English pronunciation:

ⁱ/məˈrɑːti/;^[11] मराठी Marāṭhī [məˈɾaʈʰi]) is an Indo-Aryan language. It is the official language of Maharashtra state of India and is one of the 23 official languages of India. There were 73 million speakers in 2001; Marathi has the fourth largest number of native speakers in India.^[12] Marathi has some of the oldest literature of all modern Indo-Aryan languages, dating from about 1000 AD.^[13]The major dialects of Marathi are called Standard Marathi and Warhadi Marathi.^[14] There are a few other sub-dialects, such as Ahirani, Dangi, Vadvali, Samavedi, Khandeshi, and Malwani. Standard Marathi is theofficial language of the State of Maharashtra.

[hide]

Official status[edit]

Marathi is the official language of Maharashtra and co-official language in the union territories of Daman and Diu^[7] and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.^[8] In Goa, Konkani is the sole official language; however, Marathi may also be used for all official purposes. The Constitution of India recognizes Marathi as one of India's twenty-two official languages.^[15]

In addition to all universities in Maharashtra, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda in Vadodara,^[16] Osmania University in Hyderabad,^[17] Karnataka University in Dharwar,^[18] Gulbarga University in Gulbarga,^[19]Devi Ahilya University in Indore^[20] and Goa University in Goa^[21] have special departments for higher studies in Marathi linguistics. Jawaharlal Nehru University (New Delhi) has announced plans to establish a special department for Marathi.^{[citation needed]}

History[edit]

Main article: Marathi literature

Marathi is one of several languages that descend from Maharashtri Prakrit. Further change led to apabhraṃśa languages like Marathi, which may be described as being a re-Sanskritised, developed form of Maharashtri Apabhraṃśa.

Marathi Literature 12th century to 1905[edit]

Yadava[edit]

Marathi literature began and grew owing to the rise of both the Yadava dynasty of Devgiri (who adopted Marathi as the court language and patronized Marathi scholars) and two religious sects - Mahanubhav Panth and Warkari Panth, who adopted Marathi as the medium for preaching their doctrines of devotion. Marathi had attained a venerable place in court life by the time of the Yadava kings. During the reign of the last three Yadava kings, a great deal of literature in verse and prose, on astrology, medicine, Puranas, Vedanta, kings and courtiers were created. Nalopakhyan, Rukmini swayamvar and Shripati's Jyotishratnamala(1039) are a few examples.

The oldest book in prose form in Marathi, Vivekasindhu (विवेकसिंधु), was written by Mukundaraj, a yogi of Natha Pantha and arch-poet of Marathi. Mukundaraj bases his exposition of the basic tenets of the Hinduphilosophy and Yoga Marga on the utterances or teachings of Shankaracharya. Mukundaraj's other work, Paramamrita, is considered the first systematic attempt to explain the Vedanta in the Marathi language. One of the famous saints of this period is Sant Dnyaneshwar (1275–1296) who wrote Bhavarthadeepika, popularly known as Dnyaneshwari (1290), and Amritanubhava. He also composed devotional songs calledabhangas. Dnyaneshwar gave a higher status to Marathi by bringing the sacred Bhagavad Gita from Sanskrit to Marathi.

Mahanubhav sect[edit]

Notable examples of Marathi prose are "Līḷācarītra" (लीळाचरीत्र), events and anecdotes from the miracle filled life of Chakradhar Swami of the Mahanubhav sect compiled by his close disciple, Mahimabhatta, in 1238. The Mahanubhav sect made Marathi a vehicle for the propagation of religion and culture.

Varkari sect[edit]

The Mahanubhav sect was followed by the Varkari saint-poet Eknath (1528–1599). Eknath's Bhavarth Ramayana brought the message of the Bhagvat cult^{[clarification needed]} to the people. Mukteshwar translated the epic Mahabharata into Marathi. Saint-poet Tukaramtransformed Marathi into a rich literary language. Saint Tukaram’s (1608–49) poetry contained his inspirations. Tukaram wrote over 3000 Abhangas. He was followed by Ramadas. Writers of the Mahanubhav sect contributed to Marathi prose while the saint-poets ofVarkari sect composed Marathi poetry. However, the latter group is regarded as the pioneers and founders of Marathi literature.^{[citation needed]} Jainism too enriched Marathi during Bahamani period.^{[citation needed]}

Medieval and Deccan Sultanate period[edit]

Sant Dyaneshwar wrote largest treaty of the initial time A D 1290 titled Dyaneshwari. later, Saint Tukaram made important contributions to Marathi poetic literature in Warkari Pantha. Saints like Samartha Ramdas (Dasboth), Sant Namdev (his marathi couplets were even taken to Punjab), Moropant (creator of 'Aryas") and many others created famous literary works in Marathi.

Marathi also became language of administration during the Nizamshahi of Ahmadnagar.^[22] Adilshahi of Bijapur also used Marathi for administration and record keeping.^[23]

Maratha Empire Period[edit]

Marathi gained prominence with the rise of the Maratha empire beginning with the reign of Chhatrapati Shivaji ( ruled 1674`–1680). Subsequent rulers extended the empire northwards to Delhi, eastwards to Odisha, and southwards to Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu. These excursions by the Marathas helped to spread Marathi over broader geographical regions. This period also saw the use of Marathi in transactions involving land and other business. Documents from this period, therefore, give a better picture of life of common people. There are lot of Bakharis written in Marathi and Modi lipi (shorthand marathi) from this period. But by the late 18th century, the Maratha Empire's influence over a large part of the country was on the decline

In the 18th century, some well-known works such as Yatharthadeepika by Vaman Pandit, Naladamayanti Swayamvara by Raghunath Pandit, Pandava Pratap, Harivijay, Ramvijay by Shridhar Pandit and Mahabharata by Moropanta were produced. Krishnadayarnava and Sridhar were poets during the Peshwa period. New literary forms were successfully experimented with during the period and classical styles were revived, especially the Mahakavya and Prabandha forms..

British colonial period(Early 19th to mid 20th century)[edit]

The British colonial period (also known as the Modern Period) saw standardization of Marathi grammar through the efforts of the Christian missionary William Carey. Carey's dictionary had fewer entries and Marathi words were in Modi script. The most comprehensive Marathi-English dictionaries was compiled by Captain James Thomas Molesworth in 1831. The book is still in print nearly two centuries after its publication.^[24]

The late 19th century in Maharashtra was a period of colonial modernity. Like the corresponding periods in other Indian languages, this was the period dominated by English-educated intellectuals. It was the age of English prose, reformist activism and a great intellectual ferment.

The first Marathi translation of an English book was published in 1817, and the first Marathi newspaper was started in 1832. Newspapers provided a platform for sharing literary views, and many books on social reforms were written. The Marathi language flourished as Marathi drama gained popularity. Musicals known as Sangeet Natak also evolved. Keshavasut, the father of modern Marathi poetry published his first poem in 1885. First Marathi periodical Dirghadarshan was started in 1840 while first Marathi newspaper Durpanwas started by Balshastri Jambhekar in 1832.

The popular Marathi language newspapers at a newsstand in Mumbai, 2006

The first half of the 20th century was marked by new enthusiasm in literary pursuits, and socio-political activism helped achieve major milestones in Marathi literature, drama, music and film. Modern Marathi prose flourished through various new literary forms like the essay, the biographies, the novels, prose, drama etc. Chiplunkar's Nibandhmala (essays), N.C.Kelkar's biographical writings, novels of Hari Narayan Apte, Narayan Sitaram Phadkeand V. S. Khandekar, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar's nationalist literature and plays of Mama Varerkar and Kirloskar's are particularly worth noting.

Marathi since Indian independence[edit]

After Indian independence, Marathi was accorded the status of a scheduled language on the national level. On 1 May 1960, Maharashtra was re-organised along linguistic lines adding Vidarbha and Marathwada region in its fold and thus bringing major chunks of Marathi population socio-politically together. With state and cultural protection, Marathi made great strides by the 1990s.

Notable works in Marathi in the latter half of 20th century includes Khandekar's Yayati which won him, the Jnanpith Award. Also Vijay Tendulkar's plays in Marathi have earned him a reputation beyond Maharashtra.P.L.Deshpande(PuLa), P.K.Atre & Prabodhankar Thackeray, were also known for their writings in Marathi in the field of Drama, comedy and Social commentary.

A literary event called Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan (All-India Marathi Literature Meet) is held every year. In addition, the Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Natya Sammelan (All-India Marathi Theatre Meet) is also held annually. Both events are very popular amongst Maharashtrians.

Dialects[edit]

Jhadi Boli[edit]

Jhadi Boli or Jhadiboli is spoken in Jhadipranta (Forest rich region) of far eastern Maharashtra or eastern Vidarbha or western-central Gondvana comprising Gondia, Bhandara, Chandrpur, Gadchiroli and some parts of Nagpur and Wardha districts of Maharashtra.

Zadi Boli Sahitya Mandal and many literary are working for the conservation of this important and distinct dialect of Marathi.

Southern Indian Marathi[edit]

Thanjavur Marathi, Namdev shimpi Marathi and Bhavsar Marathi are spoken by many Maharashtrians in Southern India. This dialect is stuck in the 17th century and is old Marathi - it did not change from the time the Marathas conquered Thanjavur and Bangalore in southern India.^{[citation needed]} It has speakers in parts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.

Varhadi[edit]

Main article: Varhadi dialect

Varhadi (Varhādi), or Vaidarbhi, is spoken in the Western Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. In Marathi, the retroflex lateral approximant ḷ [ɭ] is common, while in the Varhadii dialect, it corresponds to the palatal approximant y (IPA: [j]), making this dialect quite distinct. Such phonetic shifts are common in spoken Marathi, and as such, the spoken dialects vary from one region of Maharashtra to another

Others[edit]

Deshestha Marathi, spoken in Tanjore, Tamil Nadu
Judæo-Marathi, spoken by the Bene Israel Jews

Sounds[edit]

Main article: Marathi phonology

The phoneme inventory of Marathi is similar to that of many other Indo-Aryan languages. An IPA chart of all contrastive sounds in Marathi is provided below.

**Consonants**^[26]
	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Alveopalatal	Velar	Glottal
Voiceless stops	p pʰ	t̪ t̪ʰ	ts	ʈ ʈʰ	tʃ tʃʰ	k kʰ
Voiced stops	b bʱ	d̪ d̪ʱ	dz dzʱ	ɖ ɖʱ	dʒ dʒʱ	ɡ ɡʱ
Voiceless fricatives			s		ʃ		h
Nasals	m mʱ	n̪ n̪ʱ		ɳ
Liquids	ʋ ʋʱ		l ɾ lʱ ɾʱ	^[27]	j

Older aspirated *tsʰ, dzʱ have lost their onset, with *tsʰ merging with /s/ and *dzʱ being typically realized as an aspirated fricative, [zʱ]. This /ts, dz, zʱ/ series is not distinguished in writing from /tʃ, tʃʰ, dʒ, dʒʱ/.

**Vowels**
	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
Mid	e	ə	o
Low		a

There are two more vowels in Marathi to denote the pronunciations of English words such as of a in act and a in all. These are written as अॅ and ऑ. The IPA signs for these are [æ] and [ɒ], respectively. Marathi retains the original Sanskrit pronunciation of certain letters such as the anusvāra (for instance, saṃhar, compared to sanhar in Hindi). Moreover, Marathi preserves certain Sanskrit patterns of pronunciation, as in the words purṇa and rāma compared to purṇ and rām in Hindi.

Writing[edit]

Modi script was used to write Marathi

Main articles: Devanagari, Balbodh and Modi script

An effort to conserve the "Modi Script" under India Post's My Stamp scheme. Here, the word 'Marathi' is printed in the "Modi Script".

Written Marathi first appeared during the 11th century in the form of inscriptions on stones and copper plates. The Marathi version of the Devanagari alphabet, called Balbodh, is similar to the Hindi Devanagari alphabet. From the 13th century until the mid-20th century, Marathi was written in the Modi script. Since 1950 it has been written in the Balbodh style of Devanagari.^[28]

Devanagari[edit]

Marathi is usually written in the Balbodh version of Devanagari script, an abugida consisting of 36 consonant letters and 16 initial-vowel letters. It is written from left to right. The Devanagari alphabet used to write Marathi is slightly different from the Devanagari alphabets of Hindi and other languages: there are a couple of additional letters in the Marathi alphabet, and Western punctuation is used.

Modi (Marathi: मोडी)[edit]

From the thirteenth century until 1950, Marathi was written in Modi script — a cursive script designed for minimising the lifting of pen from paper while writing.^[29] Currently, due to the availability of Modi fonts and the enthusiasm of the younger speakers, the script is far from disappearing. (See Reference Links).

Latin[edit]

Since Devanagri was difficult to type on Latin keyboards and Devanagri does not display properly on old computers without the proper fonts, the general public used to type Marathi in Latin on social networking sites like Facebook and in online chats. Since it was a new trend there was no standardisation of phonetic and spelling rules. This trend seems to have saturated and is on the decline due to widespread support of Unicode and the availability of easy to use Devanagari transliteration on modern computers.

Consonant clusters[edit]

In Marathi, the consonants by default come with a schwa. Therefore, तयाचे will be 'təyāche', not 'tyāche'. To form 'tyāche', you will have to add त् + याचे, giving त्याचे.

When two or more consecutive consonants are followed by a vowel then a jodakshar (consonant cluster) is formed. Some examples of consonant clusters are shown below:

त्याचे - tyāche - "his"
प्रस्ताव - prastāv - "proposal"
विद्या - vidyā - "knowledge"
म्यान - myān "Sheath"
त्वरा - tvarā "immediate/Quick"
महत्त्व - mahatva - "importance"
फक्त - phakta - "only"
बाहुल्या - bāhulyā - "dolls"

Marathi has a few consonant clusters that are rarely seen in the world's languages, including the so-called "nasal aspirates" (ṇh, nh, and mh) and liquid aspirates (rh, ṟh, lh, and vh). Some examples are given below.

कण्हेरी - kaṇherī - "a shrub known for flowers"/ Oleander
न्हाणे - nhāṇe - "bath"
म्हणून - mhaṇūn - "because"
तऱ्हा - taṟhā - "different way of behaving"
कोल्हा - kolhā - "fox"
केंव्हा - keṃvhā "when"

Grammar[edit]

Main article: Marathi grammar

Rajya Marathi Vikas Sanstha was established by Government of Maharashtra

Marathi grammar shares similarities with other modern Indo-Aryan languages such as Hindi, Gujarati, Punjabi, etc. The first modern book exclusively concerning Marathi Grammar was printed in 1805 by William Carey. Sanskrit Grammar used to be referred more till late stages of Marathi Language.^{[citation needed]}

The contemporary grammatical rules described by Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad and endorsed by the Government of Maharashtra are supposed to take precedence in standard written Marathi. Traditions of Marathi Linguistics and the above-mentioned rules give special status to 'Tatsam' (Without Change) words adapted from the Sanskrit language. This special status expects the rules for 'Tatsam' words to be followed as in Sanskrit grammar. While this supports Marathi Language with a larger treasure of Sanskrit words to cope with demands of new technical words whenever needed; maintains influence over Marathi.^{[clarification needed]}

The primary word order of Marathi is SOV (subject–object–verb)^[30] An unusual feature of Marathi, as compared to other Indo-European languages, is that it displays the inclusive and exclusive we feature, common to theAustronesian languages, Dravidian languages, Rajasthani, and Gujarati.

Unlike its related languages, Marathi preserves all three grammatical genders (Linga) from Sanskrit, masculine, feminine and neuter. Marathi contains three grammatical voices (prayog) i.e. Kartari, Karmani and Bhave. Detailed analysis of grammatical aspects of Marathi language are covered in Marathi grammar.

Marathi organisations[edit]

Many government and semi-government organisations exist which work for the regulation, promotion and enrichment of the Marathi language. These are either initiated or funded by Government of Maharashtra. Few Marathi organisations are given below:^[31]

Akhil Bharatiya keertan sanstha, Dadar, Mumbai
Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Natya Parishad
Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Mahamandal (Central confederation of all Marathi organisations)
Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad, Pune
Marathi Kavita
Marathi Vishwakosh - Marathi encyclopedia project
Marathwada Sahitya Parishad, Aurangabad
Mumbai Marathi Sahitya Sangh
Rajya Marathi Vikas Sanstha^[32]
Shodh Marathicha
Vidarbha Sahitya Sangh, Nagpur

Outside Maharashtra state[edit]

Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Mandal JABALPUR^[33]
Andhra Pradesh Marathi Sahitya Parishad, Hyderabad
Marathi Granth Sangrahalay, Hyderabad
Vivek Vardhini Shikshan Sanstha, Hyderabad
Gomantak Marathi Academy, Goa^[34]
Gomantak Sahitya Sevak mandal, Panaji, Goa^[35]
Madhya Pradesh Sahitya Parishad, Jabalpur
Marathi Sahitya Parishad, Karnataka
Karnataka Sahitya Parishad, Gulbarga^[36]
Chhattisgarh Marathi Sahitya Parishad, Bilaspur,_Chhattisgarh^[35]
Madhya Pradesh Marathi Sahitya Parishad, Bhopal^[35]

Vadodara (Badode Sansthan-Gaikwad State), Gujarat Rajya, Bharat
Shri Maharashtra Sahitya Sabha, Indore
Sanand Nyas,Indore
Marathi Samaj, Indore
Maharashtra Rangayan, Delhi

Vrihanna Maharastra Mandal, An Umbrella Body of ALL Marathis Who Stays Outside Maharashtra

Vocabulary[edit]

Sharing of linguistic resources with other languages[edit]

Marathi neon signboard atMaharashtra Police headquarters in Mumbai.

Over a period of many centuries the Marathi language and people came into contact with many other languages and dialects. The primary influence of Prakrit, Maharashtri, Apabhraṃśa and Sanskrit is understandable. At least 50% of the words in Marathi are either taken or derived from Sanskrit.^{[citation needed]}

Marathi has also shared directions, vocabulary and grammar with languages such as Indian Dravidian languages, and foreign languages such as Persian, Arabic, English and a little from Portuguese.

While recent genome studies suggest some amount of political and trade relations between the Indian subcontinent and East Africa, Middle East, Central Asia over a millennium, these studies are still not conclusive about the exact effect on linguistics.^{[citation needed]}

Noted freedom fighter and revolutionary, social emanicipator and Hindutva Ideologue Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, has contributed immensely to the language, by coining new marathi equivalents for words from other languages, mostly English. Prior to these marathi equivalents, words from other languages were used commonly which was unacceptable to Savarkar. He opined that intrusion of foreign words, polluted the marathi language, while also rendering the original marathi words, of the same meanings, obsolete.^{[citation needed]} Following are some of the words coined and popularized by him for safeguarding cultural integrity:

School: शाळा, College: महाविद्यालय, Academy: प्रबोधिका, Headmaster: मुख्याध्यापक, Superintendent of highschool: आचार्य, Principal: प्राचार्य, Professor: प्राध्यापक, Dispensary: औषधालय, Consulting room: चिकित्सालय, Vakil(an Urdu word): विधिज्ञ, Fauj, Lashkar(Urdu): सेना, सैन्य, Skirmish: चकमक, Camp: शिबीर, छावणी, Submarine: पाणबुडी, Telephone: दूरध्वनी, Television: दूरदर्शन, Circular: परिपत्रक, Report: अहवाल, प्रतिवृत्त, इतिवृत्त, Jindabad: की जय, जय हो, अमर हो, Legislature: विधी मंडळ, Parliamentarian: संसदपटू, Ahmedabad: कर्णावती, Arabian sea: पश्चिम समुद्र, सिंधुसागर, Hyderabad(south): भाग्यनगर, Cinema hall:चित्रपटगृह, Cinema: चित्रपट, Film: चित्रावली, चित्रपट्टिका, Interval: मध्यंतर, Studio: कलागृह, कलामंदिर, Shooting: चित्रण, Three dimension: त्रिमितीपट, Green groom: नेपथ्य, Photograph: छायाचित्र, Camera: छायिक, Portrait: व्यक्तिचित्र, Tape recorder: ध्वनिमुद्रा, Scenario: पटकथा, चित्रकथा, Trailer: परिचयपट, Music director: संगीत नियोजक, Director: दिग्दर्शक, Editor: संकलक,^{[citation needed]}

Morphology and etymology[edit]

Day-to-day spoken Marathi retains a noticeably higher number of Sanskrit-derived (tatsam) words compared to sister North-Indian languages like Hindi, and many of these words are more or less unchanged versions of their original Sanskrit counterparts. Examples of such words used more or less daily by Marathi speakers include nantar (from nantaram or after), purṇa (purṇam or complete, full, or full measure of something), ola (olam or damp), karaṇ (karaṇam or cause), puṣkaḷ (puṣkalam or much, many), satat (satatam or always), vichitra (vichitram or strange), svatah (svatah or himself/herself), prayatna (prayatnam or effort, attempt), bhīti (from bhīti, or fear) and bhāṇḍa (bhāṇḍam or vessel for cooking or storing food). Others such as dār (dwāram or door), ghar (gṛham or house),vāgh (vyāghram or tiger), paḷaṇe (palāyate or to run away), kiti (kati or how many) have undergone more modification.

Examples of words borrowed from other Indian and foreign languages include:

Adakitta "nutcracker" directly borrowed from Kannada
Hajeri Attendance(native Marathi- "upasthiti") from Haziri Urdu
Jaahiraat "advertisement" is derived from Arabic zaahiraat
Marjii "wish" is derived from Persian "marzi"
Shiphaaras "recommendation" is derived from Persian sefaresh

A lot of English words are commonly used in conversation, and are considered to be totally assimilated into the Marathi vocabulary. These include "pen" (native Marathi lekhaṇii), "shirt" (sadaraa).

Influence of foreign languages[edit]

Usage of punctuation marks was one of the major contributions to Indic script by foreign languages. Previously, due to Sanskritised poetry, textual punctuation requirements of many texts may have been less.^{[citation needed]}

Forming complex words[edit]

Marathi uses many morphological processes to join words together, forming complex words. These processes are traditionally referred to as sandhi (from Sanskrit, "combination"). For example, ati + uttam gives the word atyuttam.

Another method of combining words is referred to as samaas (from Sanskrit, "margin"). There are no reliable rules to follow to make a samaas. When the second word starts with a consonant, a sandhi can not be formed, but a samaas can be formed. For example,miith-bhaakar ("salt-bread"), udyog-patii ("businessman"), ashṭa-bhujaa ("eight-hands", name of a Hindu goddess), and so on. There are different names given to each type of samaas.

Counting[edit]

Like many other languages, Marathi uses distinct names for the numbers 1 to 20 and each multiple of 10, and composite ones for those greater than 20.

As with other Indic languages, there are distinct names for the fractions ¹⁄₄, ¹⁄₂, and ³⁄₄. They are paava, ardhaa, and pauṇa, respectively. For most fractions greater than 1, the prefixes savvaa-, saaḍe-, paavaṇe- are used. There are special names for ³⁄₂ (diiḍ) and⁵⁄₂ (aḍich).

Powers of ten are denoted by separate specific words as depicted in below table.

Number power to 10	Marathi Number name^[37]^[38]	In Devanagari
10⁰	Eka	एक
10¹	dahaa	दहा
10²	Shambhara	शंभर
10³	Hazaara (Sahasra, Ayut)	सहस्र/हजार
10⁴	Daha Hazaara (dash-sahasra)	दशसहस्र/दशहजार
10⁵	Laakha (laksha)	लाख/लक्ष
10⁶	DahaaLaakha (Dasha-Laksha)	दशलक्ष
10⁷	Koti (Karoda)	कोटी
10⁸	dasha-koti	दशकोटी
10⁹	Abja (Arbud, Arab)	अब्ज
10¹⁰	dasha-Abja	दशअब्ज
10¹¹	Vrunda
10¹²	Kharva (Kharab)	खर्व
10¹³	Nikharva (Neela)	निखर्व
10¹⁴	-	-
10¹⁵	Mahaapadma (padma)	महापद्म
10¹⁶	-	-
10¹⁷	Shanku (shankha)	शंकू
10¹⁸	-	-
10¹⁹	jaladhi (samudra)	जलधी
10²⁰	-	-
10²¹	Antya	अंत्य
10²²	-	-
10²³	Madhya	मध्य
10²⁴	-	-
10²⁵	paraardha	परार्ध

A positive integer is read by breaking it up from the tens digit leftwards, into parts each containing two digits, the only exception being the hundreds place containing only one digit instead of two. For example, 1,234,567 is written as 12,34,567 and read as 12 laakha 34 hazaara 5 she 67.

Every two-digit number after 18 (11 to 18 are predefined) is read backwards. For example, 21 is read एक-वीस (1-twenty). Also, a two digit number that ends with a 9 is considered to be the next tens place minus one. For example, 29 is एकुणतीस/एकोणतीस (एक-उणे-तीस)(Thirty minus one). Two digit numbers used before hazaara, etc. are written in the same way.

Marathi on computers and the Internet[edit]

Shrilipi, Shivaji, kothare 2,4,6, Kiran fonts KF-Kiran^[39] and many more (about 48) are clip fonts that were used prior to the introduction of Unicode standard for Devanagari script. Clip fonts are in vogue on PCs even today since most of the computers in use are working with English Keyboard. Even today a large number of printed publications of books, newspapers and magazines are prepared using these ASCII based fonts. However, clip fonts fonts cannot be used on internet since those did not have unicodecompatibility.

Earlier Marathi suffered from weak support by computer operating systems and Internet services, as have other Indian languages. But recently, with the introduction of language localisation projects and new technologies, various software and Internet applications have been introduced. Various Marathi typing software is widely used and display interface packages are now available on Windows, Linux and Mac OS. Many Marathi websites, including Marathi newspapers, have become popular especially with Maharashtrians outside India. Online projects such as the Marathi language Wikipedia, with 36,000+ articles, the Marathi blogroll and Marathi blogs have gained immense popularity.^[40]

References[edit]

Jump up^ [1]^{[dead link]} Marathi. Retrieved on 2013-07-28.
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Jump up^ Ajmire, P.E.; Dharaskar, RV; Thakare, V M (22 March 2013). "A Comparative Study of Handwritten Marathi Character Recognition". International Journal of Computer Applications. INTRODUCTION. Archived from the original on 7 December 2014.
Jump up^ Bhimraoji, Rajendra (28 February 2014). "Reviving the Modi Script". Typoday. Archived from the original on 7 December 2014.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b The Goa, Daman and Diu Official Language Act, 1987 makes Konkani the sole official language, but provides that Marathi may also be used "for all or any of the official purposes". The Government also has a policy of replying in Marathi to correspondence received in Marathi. Commissioner Linguistic Minorities, 42nd report: July 2003 - June 2004^{[dead link]}, pp. para 11.3
^ Jump up to:^a ^b Marathi is an official language of Dadra and Nagar HaveliAdministration's profile^{[dead link]}.
Jump up^ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Modern Marathi". Glottolog 2.2. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
Jump up^ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Old Marathi". Glottolog 2.2. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
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Jump up^ Gordon, Stewart (1993). Cambridge History of India: The Marathas 1600-1818. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-521-26883-7.
Jump up^ Kamat, Jyotsna. "The Adil Shahi Kingdom (1510 CE to 1686 CE)". Kamat's Potpourri. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
Jump up^ James, Molesworth , Thomas Candy, Narayan G Kalelkar (1857 (2nd Edition), 1975 corrected reprint). Molesworth's, Marathi-English dictionary. Pune: J.C. Furla , Shubhada Saraswat Prakashan. ISBN 81-86411-57-7. Check date values in:|date= (help)
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^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c 3 Puneites in race for Sammelan presidentship - The Times of India
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A Survey of Marathi Dialects. VIII. Gāwḍi, A.M.Ghatage & P.P.Karapurkar. The State Board for Literature and Culture, Bombay. 1972.
Marathi: The Language and its Linguistic Traditions - Prabhakar Machwe, Indian and Foreign Review, 15 March 1985.
'Atyavashyak Marathi Vyakaran' (Essential Marathi Grammar) - Dr. V. L. Vardhe
'Marathi Vyakaran' (Marathi Grammar) - Moreshvar Sakharam More.
'Marathi Vishwakosh, Khand 12 (Marathi World Encyclopedia, Volume 12), Maharashtra Rajya Vishwakosh Nirmiti Mandal, Mumbai
'Marathyancha Itihaas' by Dr. Kolarkar, Shrimangesh Publishers, Nagpur
'History of Medieval Hindu India from 600 CE to 1200 CE, by C. V. Vaidya
Marathi Sahitya (Review of the Marathi Literature up to I960) by Kusumavati Deshpande, Maharashtra Information Centre, New Delhi

External links[edit]

Marathi edition ofWikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Find more about Marathi at Wikipedia's sister projects
	Definitions from Wiktionary
	Media from Commons
	News stories from Wikinews
	Quotations from Wikiquote
	Source texts from Wikisource
	Textbooks from Wikibooks
	Travel guide from Wikivoyage
	Learning resources from Wikiversity

भारतीय भाषा ज्योति: मराठी —a textbook for learning Marathi through Hindi from the Central Institute of Indian Languages

Dictionaries

Molesworth, J. T. (James Thomas). A dictionary, Marathi and English. 2d ed., rev. and enl. Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's press, 1857.
Vaze, Shridhar Ganesh. The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English. Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press, 1911.
Tulpule, Shankar Gopal and Anne Feldhaus. A dictionary of old Marathi. Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 1999.
Marathi Wordnet
Learn Marathi through English. Learn Marathi through Hindi. Learn Marathi through English. Learn Marathi through Hindi.
Learn Marathi through English and Learn Marathi through Hindi Very comprehensive and popular website from Kaushik Lele to learn Marathi from English and Hindi. Prestigious Marathi newspaper Loksatta has published article about it. http://www.loksatta.com/viva-news/kaushik-lele-initiative-for-learning-marathi-406926/

English to Marathi and Marathi to English Dictionary

Kusumagraj - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusumagraj
या पानाचे भाषांतर करा

To honor his work in Marathi Literature, every year Birth day of Kusumagraj i.e. 27th February is ... Kusumāgraj birthday is celebrated as World Marathi Day.

‎Early life and education - ‎Career - ‎Awards and recognition - ‎Personal life

Marathi language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi_language
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Day-to-day spoken Marathi retains a noticeably higher number of ..... 'MarathiVishwakosh, Khand 12 (Marathi World Encyclopedia, Volume 12), Maharashtra ...

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'Shala' fame actor Ketan Pawar is in news these days. We ...

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Marathi Movie World (Marathi Entertainment Portal)

१६ तासांपूर्वी - 'Shala' fame actor Ketan Pawar is in news these days. We are all aware of his next film's release on 6th March 2015. But, recently, when the first look of Kangana ...

Marathi/Days - Wikibooks, open books for an open world

en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Marathi/Days
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English, Marathi, Pronunciation. Monday, सोमवार, Somavār. Tuesday, मंगळवार, Mangalavār. Wednesday, बुधवार, Budhavār. Thursday, गुरुवार ...

मराठी भाषा दिवस [Marathi Day] 27th Feb - Goodreads

https://www.goodreads.com/.../122099...
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3 discussion posts. MPM said: Marathi Day is celebrated every year on 27th Feb all across the world...This year there are different programs scheduled on...

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World Marathi Day Celebrates today 27 February 2013 An eminent Marathi poet Vishnu Vāman Shirwadkar Known as Kusumagraj's birthday is celebrated as...

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