3rd January 1831 Saubhagyawati Savitribai Phule Was Born First Woman To Start And Teach In School
- Savitribai Jyotirao Phule was an Indian social reformer and poet. Along with her husband, Jyotirao Phule, she played an important role in improving women's rights in India during British rule. Wikipedia
- Born: January 3, 1831, Satara district
- Died: March 10, 1897
- Spouse: Jyotirao Phule (m. 1840)
Savitribai Phule
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This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2014) Savitribai Phule 
Statue of Savitribai Phule and her husband,Jyotirao PhuleBorn 3 January 1831 Died 10 March 1897 Savitribai Jyotirao Phule (3 January 1831 – 10 March 1897) was an Indian social reformer and poet. Along with her husband, Jyotirao Phule, she played an important role in improving women's rights in India during British rule. The couple founded the first women's school at Bhide Wadai in Pune in 1848.[1]She also worked to abolish discrimination and unfair treatment of disenfranchised citizens based on religion, caste, and race. At age 17, she became the youngest teacher in India.[2]Contents
[hide]Early life[edit]
Savitribai Phule was born in 1831 in Naigaon, Maharashtra. Her family were farmers.[3] At the age of nine, she was married to thirteen year old Jyotirao Phule in 1840.[citation needed] Savitribai and Jyotira had no children of their own.. However, the couple adopted Yashavantrao, who was the son of a widowed Brahmin.[4]Career[edit]
Savitri worked as both an educational reformer and social reformer, especially for women. During the 19th century, young girls were sometimes placed into arranged marriages. Since mortality rates were high, these girls often were widowed while still children. Due to social and cultural practices of the times, prospects for these young girls were poor. Customarily, the heads of the widows were clean shaven, to make them unattractive prospective suitors. Savitribai and Jyotirao were moved by the plight of these girls. They organized a strike against the the barbers to persuade them not to stop shaving the heads of widows.Also, these helpless women, with no way to refuse this treatment, were easy prey for rapists. Widows who became pregnant due to rape would resort to suicide or killing the newborn for fear of being ostracized by the society.[citation needed]Once, Jyotirao stopped a pregnant lady from committing suicide, promising her to give her child his name after it was born. Savitribai accepted the lady in her house and helped her deliver the child. Savitribai and Jyotirao later adopted this child, who grew up to become a doctor. Savitribai and her husband established a center for caring for pregnant rape victims and delivering their children. The care center was called "Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha." Savitri ran the home and considered all the children born in the home her own.[citation needed]Moved by the treatment of the untouchables, who were refused drinking water meant for the upper caste, both Jyotirao and Savitribai opened up their well to the untouchables. In 1868, Savitribai welcomed Dalit to take water from her well.[citation needed]Tiffany Wayne has described Phule as "one of the first-generation modern Indian feminists, and an important contributor to world feminism in general, as she was both addressing and challenging not simply the question of gender in isolation but also issues related to caste and casteist patriarchy."[3]Death[edit]
Savitribai Phule and her adopted son, Yashwant, opened a clinic to treat those affected by the the worldwide Third Pandemic of the bubonic plague when it appeared in the area around Pune in 1897. The clinic was established at Sasane Mala, Hadapsar, near Pune, but out of the city in an area free of infection. Savitribai personally took patients to the clinic where her son treated them. While caring for the patients, she contracted the disease herself. She died from it on 10 March 1897.[citation needed]Legacy[edit]
She is considered a pioneer of modern Marathi poetry.[citation needed] Two books of her poems were published posthumously,Kavya Phule (1934) and Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar (1982).The Government of Maharashtra has instituted an award in her name to recognize women social reformers.[citation needed] In July 2014 the government decided to rename the University of Pune as Savitribai Phule Pune University in her honor.[5] The university was officially renamed on 9 November 2014.On 10 March 1998 a stamp was released by India Post in honour of Phule.References[edit]
- ^ Mariam Dhawale. "AIDWA Observes Savitribai Phule Birth Anniversary". Retrieved 3 March 2014.
- ^ Kothari, Vishwas (8 July 2014). "Pune university to be renamed aftervSavitribai Phule". Times of India. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
- ^ a b Wayne, Tiffany K., ed. (2011). Feminist Writings from Ancient Times to the Modern World: A Global Sourcebook and History. ABC-CLIO. p. 243. ISBN 978-0-31334-581-4.
- ^ O'Hanlon, Rosalind (2002). Caste, Conflict and Ideology: Mahatma Jotirao Phule and Low Caste Protest in Nineteenth-Century Western India (Revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-52152-308-0.
- ^ Kothari, Vishwas (8 July 2014). "Pune university to be renamed aftervSavitribai Phule". Times of India. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
Further reading[edit]
- A Forgotten Liberator – The Life And Struggle of Savitribai Phule, Mountain Peak Publishers, New Delhi ISBN 978-81-906277-0-2
- Rao, Parimala V. (2002). "Educating Women - How and How Much: Women in the Context of Tilak's Swaraj". In Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi. Education and the Disprivileged: Nineteenth and Twentieth Century India. Orient Blackswan. ISBN 978-8-12502-192-6.
External links[edit]
- Navayan.com – Events, Life-sketch, Books, Poems, Photos of Bodhisattva Savitribai Phule
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Savitribai Phule. Authority control - VIAF: 53067009
SATURDAY, AUGUST 6, 2011
Savitribai Phule............सावित्रीबाई फुले
Savitribai Phule (January 3, 1831- March 10, 1897)
was the first female teacher of the first women's school in India and also considered as the pioneer of modern Marathi poetry.
सावित्रीबाई फुले (January 3, 1831- March 10, 1897)
देश की पहली महिला अध्यापिका व नारी मुक्ति आंदोलन की पहली नेता.
लेकिन एक ऐसी महिला जिन्होंने उन्नीसवीं सदी में छुआ-छूत, सतीप्रथा, बाल-विवाह, तथा विधवा-विवाह निषेध जैसी कुरीतियां के विरूद्ध अपने पति के साथ मिलकर काम किया पर उसे हिंदुस्तान ने भुला दिया.ऐसी महिला को हमारा शत-२ नमन...
सावित्रीबाई फुले देश की पहली महिला अध्यापिका व नारी मुक्ति आंदोलन की पहली नेता थीं, जिन्होंने अपने पति ज्योतिबा फुले के सहयोग से देश में महिला शिक्षा की नींव रखी। सावित्रीबाई फुले एक दलित परिवार में जन्मी महिला थीं, लेकिन उन्होंने उन्नीसवीं सदी में महिला शिक्षा की शुरुआत के रूप में घोर ब्राह्मणवाद के वर्चस्व को सीधी चुनौती देने का काम किया था। उन्नीसवीं सदी में छुआ-छूत, सतीप्रथा, बाल-विवाह, तथा विधवा-विवाह निषेध जैसी कुरीतियां बुरी तरह से व्याप्त थीं। उक्त सामाजिक बुराईयां किसी प्रदेश विशेष में ही सीमित न होकर संपूर्ण भारत में फैल चुकी थीं। महाराष्ट्र के महान समाज सुधारक, विधवा पुनर्विवाह आंदोलन के तथा स्त्री शिक्षा समानता के अगुआ महात्मा ज्योतिबा फुले की धर्मपत्नी सावित्रीबाई ने अपने पति के सामजिक कार्यों में न केवल हाथ बंटाया बल्कि अनेक बार उनका मार्ग-दर्शन भी किया। सावित्रीबाई का जन्म महाराष्ट्र के सतारा जिले में नायगांव नामक छोटे से गॉव में हुआ।
महात्मा फुले द्वारा अपने जीवन काल में किये गये कार्यों में उनकी धर्मपत्नी सावित्रीबाई का योगदान काफी महत्वपूर्ण रहा। लेकिन फुले दंपति के कामों का सही लेखा-जोखा नहीं किया गया। भारत के पुरूष प्रधान समाज ने शुरु से ही इस तथ्य को स्वीकार नहीं किया कि नारी भी मानव है और पुरुष के समान उसमें भी बुद्धि है एवं उसका भी अपना कोई स्वतंत्र व्यक्तित्व है । उन्नीसवीं सदी में भी नारी गुलाम रहकर सामाजिक व्यवस्था की चक्की में ही पिसती रही । अज्ञानता के अंधकार, कर्मकांड, वर्णभेद, जात-पात, बाल-विवाह, मुंडन तथा सतीप्रथा आदि कुप्रथाओं से सम्पूर्ण नारी जाति ही व्यथित थी। पंडित व धर्मगुरू भी यही कहते थे, कि नारी पिता, भाई, पति व बेटे के सहारे बिना जी नहीं सकती। मनु स्मृति ने तो मानो नारी जाति के आस्तित्व को ही नष्ट कर दिया था। मनु ने देववाणी के रूप में नारी को पुरूष की कामवासना पूर्ति का एक साधन मात्र बताकर पूरी नारी जाति के सम्मान का हनन करने का ही काम किया। हिंदू-धर्म में नारी की जितनी अवहेलना हुई उतनी कहीं नहीं हुई। हालांकि सब धर्मों में नारी का सम्बंध केवल पापों से ही जोड़ा गया। उस समय नैतिकता का व सास्ंकृतिक मूल्यों का पतन हो रहा था। हर कुकर्म को धर्म के आवरण से ढक दिया जाता था। हिंदू शास्त्रों के अनुसार नारी और शुद्र को विद्या का अधिकार नहीं था और कहा जाता था कि अगर नारी को शिक्षा मिल जायेगी तो वह कुमार्ग पर चलेगी, जिससे घर का सुख-चैन नष्ट हो जायेगा। ब्राह्मण समाज व अन्य उच्चकुलीन समाज में सतीप्रथा से जुड़े ऐसे कई उदाहरण हैं, जिनमें अपनी जान बचाने के लिये सती की जाने वाली स्त्री अगर आग के बाहर कूदी तो निर्दयता से उसे उठा कर वापिस अग्नि के हवाले कर दिया जाता था। अंततः अंग्रेज़ों द्वारा सतीप्रथा पर रोक लगाई गई। इसी तरह से ब्राह्मण समाज में बाल-विधवाओं के सिर मुंडवा दिये जाते थे और अपने ही रिश्तेदारों की वासना की शिकार स्त्री के गर्भवती होने पर उसे आत्महत्या तक करने के लिये मजबूर किया जाता था। उसी समय महात्मा फुले ने समाज की रूढ़ीवादी परम्पराओं से लोहा लेते हुये कन्या विद्यालय खोले।
भारत में नारी शिक्षा के लिये किये गये पहले प्रयास के रूप में महात्मा फुले ने अपने खेत में आम के वृक्ष के नीचे विद्यालय शुरु किया। यही स्त्री शिक्षा की सबसे पहली प्रयोगशाला भी थी, जिसमें सगुणाबाई क्षीरसागर व सावित्री बाई विद्यार्थी थीं। उन्होंने खेत की मिटटी में टहनियों की कलम बनाकर शिक्षा लेना प्रारंभ किया। सावित्रीबाई ने देश की पहली भारतीय स्त्री-अध्यापिका बनने का ऐतिहासिक गौरव हासिल किया। धर्म-पंडितों ने उन्हें अश्लील गालियां दी, धर्म डुबोने वाली कहा तथा कई लांछन लगाये, यहां तक कि उनपर पत्थर एवं गोबर तक फेंका गया। भारत में ज्योतिबा तथा सावि़त्री बाई ने शुद्र एवं स्त्री शिक्षा का आंरभ करके नये युग की नींव रखी। इसलिये ये दोनों युगपुरुष और युगस्त्री का गौरव पाने के अधिकारी हुये । दोनों ने मिलकर ‘सत्यशोधक समाज‘ की स्थापना की। इस संस्था की काफी ख्याति हुई और सावित्रीबाई स्कूल की मुख्य अध्यापिका के रूप में नियुक्त र्हुइं। फूले दंपति ने 1851 मंे पुणे के रास्ता पेठ में लडकियों का दूसरा स्कूल खोला और 15 मार्च 1852 में बताल पेठ में लडकियों का तीसरा स्कूल खोला। उनकी बनाई हुई संस्था ‘सत्यशोधक समाज‘ ने 1876 व 1879 के अकाल में अन्नसत्र चलाये और अन्न इकटठा करके आश्रम में रहने वाले 2000 बच्चों को खाना खिलाने की व्यवस्था की। 28 जनवरी 1853 को बाल हत्या प्रतिबंधक गृह की स्थापना की, जिसमें कई विधवाओं की प्रसूति हुई व बच्चों को बचाया गया। सावित्रीबाई द्वारा तब विधवा पुनर्विवाह सभा का आयोजन किया जाता था। जिसमें नारी सम्बन्धी समस्याओं का समाधान भी किया जाता था। महात्मा ज्योतिबा फुले की मृत्यु सन् 1890 में हुई। तब सावित्रीबाई ने उनके अधूरे कार्यों को पूरा करने के लिये संकल्प लिया। सावित्रीबाई की मृत्यु 10 मार्च 1897 को प्लेग के मरीजांे की देखभाल करने के दौरान हुयी।
Savitribai Jotiba Phule (January 3, 1831- March 10, 1897) was a social reformer who along with her husband, Mahatma Jotiba Phule played an important role in improving women's rights in India during the British Rule.
Savitribai was the first female teacher of the first women's school in India and also considered as the pioneer of modern Marathi poetry. In 1852 she opened a school for Untouchable girls.
Mahatma Jyotiba is regarded as one of the most important figures in social reform movement in Maharashtra and India. He is most known for his efforts to educate women and the lower castes. Jyotirao, then called as Jyotiba was Savitribai’s mentor and supporter. Under his influence Savitribai had taken women’s education and their liberation from the cultural patterns of the male-dominated society as mission of her life. She worked towards tackling some of the then major social problems including women’s liberation, widow remarriages and removal of untouchability.
However, apart from all these oppositions, Savitribai yet continued to teach the girls. Whenever Savitribai went out of her house, groups of orthodox men would follow her and abuse her in obscene language. They would throw rotten eggs, cow dung, tomatoes and stones at her. She would walk meekly and arrive at her school. Fed up with the treatment meted out to her, she even decided to give up. But it was because of her husband that she continued with her efforts. He told Savitribai Jyotiba who was working for women's education had started the first girl’s school and required women teachers to assist him. Jyotiba educated and trained Savitribai, his first and ideal candidate for this job of a teacher. Savitribai and Jyotiba faced fierce resistance from the orthodox elements of society for this. Jyotiba sent her to a training school from where she passed out with flying colours along with a Muslim lady Fatima Sheikh. When Savitribai completed her studies, she, along with her husband, started a school for girls in Pune in 1848. Nine girls, belonging to different castes enrolled themselves as students.
Slowly and steadily, she established herself. Jyotiba and Savitribai managed to open 5 more schools in the year 1848 itself. She was ultimately honoured by the British for her educational work. In 1852 Jyotiba and Savitribai were felicitated and presented with a shawl each by the government for their commendable efforts in Vishrambag Wada.
The next step was equally revolutionary. During those days marriages were arranged between young girls and old men. Men used to die of old age or some sickness and the girls they had married were left widows. Thus, widows were not expected to use cosmetics or to look beautiful. Their heads were shaved and the widows were compelled by society to lead an ascetic life.
Savitribai and Jyotiba were moved by the plight of such widows and castigated the barbers. They organized a strike of barbers and persuaded them not to shave the heads of widows. This was the first strike of its kind. They also fought against all forms of social prejudices. They were moved to see the untouchables who were refused drinking water meant for the upper caste. Both Jyotiba and Savitribai opened up their reservoir of water to the untouchables in the precincts of their house.
Savitribai was not only involved in educational activities of Jyotirao but also in every social struggle that he launched. Once Jyotiba stopped a pregnant lady from committing suicide, promising her to give her child his name after it was born. Savitribai readily accepted the lady in her house and willingly assured to help her deliver the child. Savitribai and Jyotiba later on adopted this child who then grew up to become a doctor and after Jyotiba's death, lit his pyre and completed his duties as a rightful son. This incident opened new horizons for the couple. They thought of the plight of widows in Hindu society. Many women were driven to commit suicide by men who had exploited them to satisfy their lust and then deserted them. Therefore, Savitribai and Jyotiba put boards on streets about the "Delivery Home" for women on whom pregnancy had been forced. The delivery home was called "Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha".
Jyotiba and Savitribai were also opposed to idolatry and championed the cause of peasants and workers. They faced social isolation and vicious attacks from people whom they questioned. After his demise, Savitribai took over the responsibility of Satya Shodhak Samaj, founded by Jyotiba. She presided over meetings and guided workers.
In 1868 she welcomed untouchables to take water from her well.
She worked relentlessly for the victims of plague, where she organized camps for poor children. It is said that she used to feed two thousand children every day during the epidemic. She herself was struck by the disease while nursing a sick child and died on 10 March 1897.Savitribai Phule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savitribai_PhuleSavitribai Jyotirao Phule (3 January 1831 – 10 March 1897) was an Indian social reformer and poet. Along with her husband, Jyotirao Phule, she played an ...Biography of Savitribai Phule | Savitribai Phule Life History
www.winentrance.com/general_knowledge/savitribai-phule.htmlSavitribai Phule Biography, Savitribai Phule Social Reformer, Savitribai Phule Life History, Savitribai Phule Early Life, Savitribai Phule Birthday,Savitribai Phule............सावित्रीबाई फुले - भारत की ...
bharatkinaribharatkishan.blogspot.com/.../savitribai-p... Translate this pageAug 6, 2011 - Savitribai Phule (January 3, 1831- March 10, 1897) was the first female teacher of the first women's school in India and also considered as the ...Savitribai Phule: Forgotten liberator - Infochange - India
infochangeindia.org/women/...a.../savitribai-phule-forgotten-liberator.ht...Savitribai Phule's name is not in the history books alongside the Rani of Jhansi and others. But it deserves to be. She, along with her husband Jotiba Phule, was... Savitribai Phule Pune University, One of the Premier ...
www.unipune.ac.in/University of Pune, one of the premier universities in India, is positioned in the North-western part of Pune city. It occupies an area of about 411 acres.About Savitribai Phule Pune University : - University of Pune
www.unipune.ac.in/university_files/about_university.htmThe city of Pune houses many well-known, established institutes and colleges.Savitribai Phule Pune University is one of the finest and most popular educational ...** More images Jyotirao Phule Activist Mahatma Jyotirao ...
https://plus.google.com/.../posts/C3ZSgoYYG6zNov 27, 2014 - ... Jyotiba Phule was an Indian activist, thinker, social reformer, writer and theologist from Maharashtra. Jyotiba Phule and his wife Savitribai Phule were pioneers ...Savitribai Phule - Maharashtra NavNirman Sena
www.manase.org › Jai Maharashtra! › Personalities › Social ReformersSavitriBai Phule. A great social reformer who was instrumental in the field of women's education in India and Mahatma Jyotiba Phule's peer in his Satyashodhak ...Savitribai Phule - YouTube
www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9hacCL4SroMar 15, 2013 - Uploaded by Pradeep WankhadeMahatma Jyoti Rao Phule's Full Life History - www.bctimes.org - Duration: ... Savitribai Phule Birth Aniversary ...'First Lady' Teacher of India: Savitribai Phule | Dr B R ...
https://drambedkarbooks.wordpress.com/.../first-lady-teacher-of-india-sa...Sep 3, 2011 - Thousands of candles can be lit from a single candle, and the life of the candle will not be shortened. — Buddha. Savitribai Phule (3rd ...
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